First Report of Boeremia Blight Caused by Boeremia exigua var. exigua on Pyrethrum in Australia.

  1. Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is produced for extraction of insecticidal compounds from the flower achenes. In 2004 and 2006, isolations from necrotic lesions on stems and leaves in three fields in northern Tasmania, Australia yielded 4 unidentified fungal isolates. Leaf lesions have been mediumĀ brownĀ and round (2 to Four mm in diameter) or irregular in form (2 to five mm lengthy). Stem lesions have been irregular, necrotic spots, 5 to 15 mm beneath the flower peduncle, mediumĀ brown, 2 to Four mm lengthy, and 1 to 2 mm huge.
  2. Isolations have been carried out on water agar following floor sterilization. Isolates have been recognized by colony traits and the presence of metabolite ‘E’ (1). On oatmeal agar (OA), colonies had irregular margins, have been greenish olivaceous-to-olivaceous grey with sparse, white, floccose, aerial mycelia.
  3. On malt extract agar (MEA), cultures have been variable in shade with olivaceous black facilities with mushy, dense, aerial mycelia. Conidia have been hyaline, ellipsoidal to rectangular, primarily aseptate, however often 1-septate with dimensions ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 Ɨ 1.Eight to three.Eight μm (size/width ratio = 1.7 to 2.1).
  4. All isolates had reasonable reactions to the NaOH check for metabolite ‘E’. DNA was extracted from all 4 isolates with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, CA). For identification, the interior transcribed spacer area (ITS1, 5.8s, and ITS2) and half of the interpretation elongation issue (TEF) area have been amplified and sequenced.
  5. Primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2) have been used for the ITS area and primers EFCF1 (5′-AGTGCGGTGGTATCGACAAG) and EFCF6 (3′-CATGTCACGGACGGCGAAAC) have been used for the TEF.
  6. Amplicons have been sequenced in each instructions and consensus sequences assembled. The ITS sequence was 100% an identical to Boeremia exigua var. exigua (GenFinancial institution Accession No. GU237715).

Base pairs 413 to 1,214 of the TEF sequence from the pyrethrum isolates matched base pairs 1 to 802 (799 of 802 identities) of B. exigua var. exigua (GenFinancial institution Accession No. GU349080). All isolates have been confirmed Transparent Plastic Bottles as B. exigua var. exigua utilizing morphology and sequencing.

Pathogenicity exams have been carried out thrice in separate glasshouse trials for 2 of the 4 isolates.

  • For every isolate, conidial suspensions in water (Three ml/plant) from MEA, adjusted to five Ɨ 105/ml have been utilized with Tween 20 (1 drop per 100 ml of water) to 8-week-old pyrethrum vegetation (5 pots per isolate with 4 vegetation per pot) utilizing a hand-held sprayĀ bottle.
  • Twenty vegetation have been sprayed with water and Tween 20 as nontreated controls. Plants have been lined withĀ plasticĀ luggage for 48 h after inoculation and examined for signs after 15 days at 20°C.
  • Disease incidence (quantity of symptomatic leaves affected per whole quantity of leaves) of the inoculated vegetation diverse from 7.5 to 9.4%. Noninoculated vegetation didn’t develop signs. Isolations resulted in cultures morphologically an identical on MEA and OA to these inoculated.
  • To our information, that is the primary report of B. exigua var. exigua inflicting illness in pyrethrum. Cultures have been deposited in the New South Wales Department of Agriculture assortment (DAR79101 to 79104) and TEF and ITS sequences for DAR79101 in GenFinancial institution (Accession Nos. JF925328 and JF925329, respectively).
  • Boeremia blight is more likely to contribute to the fungal illness complicated inflicting reductions in inexperienced leaf space in Australian pyrethrum manufacturing. References: (1) M. M. Aveskamp et al. Stud. Mycol. 65:1, 2010. (2) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
Brown Bottle
Brown Bottle

First Report of Cobweb Disease Caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum on the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in Korea.

  • Pleurotus eryngii is one of essentially the most commercially necessary mushrooms in Korea. In May 2009, uncommon signs have been noticed in P. eryngii grown in mushroom farms in Changnyeong and Hapcheon, in Gyeong-nam Province, Korea. One of the principle signs was cobweb-like progress of fungal mycelia over the mushroom floor. Colonies on the floor quickly overwhelmed the mushrooms, which turned paleĀ brownĀ or yellow. Mushrooms finally turned darkishĀ brownĀ and have become rotten.
  • Colonies of the isolates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) have been yellowish, and a reddish or orange shade was evident in the agar. The colonies grew 20 to 30 mm per day on PDA. Large spores with a single septum have been produced on vertically branched conidiophores bearing two to 4, largely three to 4, sporogenous cells, starting from 17.2 to 20.5 μm lengthy and eight.zero to 10.2 μm thick.
  • The form of the conidia was ellipsoid and obovoid. These morphological traits are according to descriptions of Cladobotryum mycophilum, a causal agent of cobweb illness in Agaricus bisporus (1,4). To establish the remoted fungal pathogen, the ITS area was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers and sequenced.
  • The sequence information from the isolate was deposited in GenFinancial institution (Accession No. JF693809). A BLAST search confirmed that the remoted pressure belonged to a species of Cladobotryum. The highest similarity (99.5%) was to the ITS sequence of C. mycophilum (teleomorph Hypomyces odoratus) (GenFinancial institution Accession Nos. JF505112 and Y17096) (3,4). The pressure that was examined for pathogenicity was grown on PDA at 25°C for 72 h.

The inoculum was ready by flooding the agar floor with 10 ml of sterilized double distilled water and scraping it with a spatula.

The ensuing spore suspension was filtered by way of three layers of cheesecloth. Conidial focus was adjusted with a hemacytometer to 1 Ɨ 106Ā conidia ml-1. A conidia suspension was inoculated onto every of a number of phases of mushroom cultivation with a pipette. The management was noticed with double distilled water. In the case of an infection through the inoculation and spawn operating phases, the fungal mycelia colonized the media and hampered growth of the mycelium of P. eryngii.

In the regeneration and primordia formation phases of the host, the mycelium of the pathogen lined the floor of theĀ plasticĀ bottleĀ containing the substrates and developed many spores. In the rising and harvesting phases, the floor of mushroom was overwhelmed by the mycelium of the fungal pathogen and turned pale or darkishĀ brown, accompanied by cracking of the stipe floor and at last rotting with a foul odor. These signs have been much like the commentary from pure an infection.

The signs of the cobweb-like illness in A. bisporus (1,2) have been noticed inside 5 to 7 days of inoculation with conidia suspensions of C. mycophilum. Fungi remoted from inoculated mushrooms have been proven to be an identical, primarily based on phenotypic attribute, to the inoculated pressure used in these pathogenicity exams. No signs have been noticed on controls.

Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (1000/pk)

MST5-1000 Alpha Diagnostics 1 pk

LCP EZ-Cut films (50 pieces, with liners)

MLCP-EZCTF-50 MiTeGen 50 FILMS

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. BROWN

SCO-BR CORNING 500/pk

Kinesis DigiTuBEs 50 mL with RackLock (incl. blue caps)

CHR1190 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK750

Disposable Meat Sample Plastic tubes with caps (5 ml) (250/pk)

MST5-250 Alpha Diagnostics 1 pk

Duran Bottles 100Ml Plastic coat

F94003 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK10

Plastic bottles 250ml supply/waste

WAT4842 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK2

Corning 150mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431430 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 250mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431431 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 500mL Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431432 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 1L Square Polycarbonate Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431433 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Nalgene Jar 1000 mL transparent PC

2116-1000 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK16

LV CryoOil 50 ml

LVCO-50 MiTeGen 50 ml

Polyethyleneglycol 1000, 50 % w/v, 100 ML

M-CSS-242 MiTeGen 100 ml

Costar 125mL Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

8388 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Costar 1L Traditional Style Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

8396 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

Corning 250mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

430281 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 500mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

430282 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 1L Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

430518 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

Corning 150mL Easy Grip Polystyrene Storage Bottles with 45mm Caps

431175 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK24

ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PP

4985P-50 CORNING 6/pk

ERLENMEYER FLASK, 50 ML, PMP

4990P-50 CORNING 6/pk

Bottles Nalgene 500 Ml

2107-0016 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK16

0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with flat caps, 1000/pk

P3030 MTC Bio 1000/pack

0.2mL PCR tubes, individual, with domed caps, 1000/pk

P3040 MTC Bio 1000/pack

1000 ug/mL Dodine in Acetonitirile:Methanol (50:50)Volume: 1mL Ampule

S-1807-ACN Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1ML

Caps Nalge

712150-1000 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

White Mob Caps in Plastic Bags

SAF9580 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

Syringe Injekt 2 pieces volume 2 mL

DD921001 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

Tubes (empty) pack of 1000 with caps and sealing ring

D1031-T20 Benchmark Scientific 1 PC

50 ml Stripette individually paper/plastic wrapped serological pipettes sterile

GR238023 Genorise Scientific Case of 100

Spray bottle with air spray - 50 mL

DD670885 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

TruStrip Sample Transfer Strips, 50-ul, 50/Pk (with sample tracking dye)

STSD-50-50 Alpha Diagnostics 1 Pk

Bottles Cent Pc 500 Ml

3140-0500 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

Media bottles 500 ml petg

Z377058-1CS Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK70

Plastic Columns

C-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps

GP101 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.2 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps

GP102 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Flat Caps

GP103 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

0.5 ml Individual PCR Tubes with attached Domed Caps

GP104 GenDepot 1,000 tubes

BROWN LOOPED SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS. FITS 0.5ML, 1.5ML AND 2.0ML TUBES

SCO-LP-BR CORNING 500/pk

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

DLR-CAPS-Hu-48T DL Develop 48T

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

DLR-CAPS-Hu-96T DL Develop 96T

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RDR-CAPS-Hu-48Tests Reddot Biotech 48 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RDR-CAPS-Hu-96Tests Reddot Biotech 96 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RD-CAPS-Hu-48Tests Reddot Biotech 48 Tests

Human Calcyphosine (CAPS) ELISA Kit

RD-CAPS-Hu-96Tests Reddot Biotech 96 Tests

Tubes (empty) pack of 50 with caps and sealing ring

D1031-T21 Benchmark Scientific 1 PC

Flex 1000 50-1000ul Blue 1000 NS

PIP3630 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

50 Bulk Beads, Stainless Steel, 5mm, alcohol washed, 1000/pk

D1134-50 Benchmark Scientific 1 each

Platform With 30 X 50 Ml Flask Clamps

480166 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Tubes (empty) with caps

SLS1426 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Tubes (empty) with caps

SLS1428 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK50

Adapter 250 mL bottles high-cap

E5920717006 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Bottles Amber Hdpe 125 Ml Nn

2004-0004 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK12

Bottles Cf 250 Ml Pc +Cap

3140-0250 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

0.2 ml 8-Strip PCR Tube with Individually Attached Caps

GP900 GenDepot 120 strips

Plastic XL Columns

CXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic XXL Columns

CXXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic Columns Frits

FC-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Flystuff (59-194P) Droso-Plugs Cap for Plastic Bottles

FLY1094 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK2560

PBS Tablets (1000 ml)

2129-10 Biovision each

PBS Tablets (1000 ml)

2129-100 Biovision each

Bottles 2L Nalgene with Quick Connect

BTLN52 Next Advance 2pack

Pump Sampler Set with Glass Bottles

SAM1517 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Antigen Retrieval Solution, Citrate pH 6.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS6-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

Antigen Retrieval Solution, EDTA pH 8.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS8-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

ELISA PLATE READER : MICRO READ 1000

1000 Global Diagnostics B 1 unit

Heat Extractor with Plastic Knob

IMS006 ScyTek Laboratories 1 ea.

Tube Culture With Svl Plastic

B99485 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK40

Staining Dish with Cover Plastic

X24085 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Autoseq G-50 1000 Columns

27534003 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Individually Paper/Plastic Wrapped Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

4485 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

1000 mL white conical polypropylene container sterile with assembled lid

DD30364 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK80

AXYPREP MAG DYECLEAN KIT- 50 ML - 5000 PREPS

MAG-DYECL-50 CORNING 1/pk

RESERVOIR, POLYPROPYLENE, 50 ML, V-BOTTOM, NONSTERILE, BULK

RES-V-50 CORNING 100/pk

Plastic XL Columns Frits

FCXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Plastic XXL Columns Frits

FCXXL-50 ABTBeads 50/pk

Bottles N/M Amber 30 Ml Nalgene

2004-0001 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK72

Bottles Wash W/M Ldpe 500 Ml

2402-0500 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK4

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-R CORNING 500/pk

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-W CORNING 500/pk

SCREW CAPS WITH "O" RINGS

SCO-Y CORNING 500/pk

Antigen Retrieval Solution, Tris-EDTA pH 9.0 (50 ml, 100X)

ARS9-50 Alpha Diagnostics 5 L

AlbuVoid Buffer Kit - 1000

AVBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

HemoVoid Buffer Kit - 1000

HVBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

UPCK Buffer Kit - 1000

UPBK-1000 Biotech Support Group 1000 mL

Costar 1mL Stripette Serological Pipets Paper/Plastic Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

7041 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Costar 2mL Stripette Serological Paper/Plastic Wrapped Triple Bagged Style Sterile 50/Bag 1000/Case

7042 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK1000

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 210mm, 50/Bag

MGR113 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Round, 205mm, 50/Bag

MGR114 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

Disposable Plastic Pestles, Conical, 70mm, 50/Bag

MGR115 Bio Basic 1PK, 50UNIT

50 ml Reagent Reservoir

GR238016 Genorise Scientific Pack of 200

TALON SUPERFLOW 50 ML

GE28-9575-02 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

Reagent reservoir 50 mL

DD53482 Scientific Laboratory Supplies PK100

SOURCE 15S 50 mL

17094401 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 15Q 50 mL

17094701 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 30S 50 mL

17127301 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

SOURCE 30Q 50 mL

17127501 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

TALON Superflow 50 ml

28957502 Scientific Laboratory Supplies EACH

To our information, that is the primary report on the incidence of C. mycophilum on the edible mushroom P. eryngii in Korea. Based on the pathogenicity check outcomes, the pathogen might assault P. eryngii in any cultivation stage, making it a doubtlessly severe fungal pathogen in P. eryngii. References: (1) C. G. Back et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 76:232, 2010. (2) R. H. Gaze. Mushroom J. 546:23, 1995. (3) F. J. Gea et al. Plant Dis. 95:1030, 2011. (4) H. M. Grogan and R. H. Gaze. Mycol. Res. 104:357, 2000.

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published.

Scroll to Top